Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review.

Green synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) has acquired huge popularity owing to their potential applications in various fields. A large number of research articles exist in the literature describing the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications. However, these findings are scattered, making it time-consuming for researchers to locate promising advancements in Ag and Au NPs synthesis and their unexplored biomedical applications. Unlike other review articles, this systematic study not only highlights recent advancements in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs but also explores their potential unexplored biomedical applications. The article discusses the various synthesis approaches for the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs highlighting the emerging developments and novel strategies. Then, the article reviews the important biomedical applications of green synthesized Ag and Au NPs by critically evaluating the expected advantages. To expose future research direction in the field, the article describes the unexplored biomedical applications of the NPs. Finally, the articles discuss the challenges and limitations in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs and their biomedical applications. This article will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, working on green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Parents Regarding Antibiotic Usage in Treating Children's Upper Respiratory Tract Infection at Primary Health Clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding antibiotic usage for treating upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) among children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 randomly selected parents attending a primary health clinic using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: About two-thirds (69.1%) of the parents had poor knowledge level. Only 25.2% and 21.6% of the parents could correctly identify amoxicillin and penicillin as the treatment of children's URTI. However, about two-thirds (67.5%) of the parents were aware of the antibiotic resistance caused by overuse of antibiotics. A significant association was noted between the father's and mother's educational level and family income with the knowledge level. Only mother's educational level depicted a significant association with the attitude. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of parents regarding antibiotic usage for URTI was poor. More numbers of health promotions and educational campaigns are required to help parents understand about antibiotic usage.